Growing access to Arctic shipping routes is creating new challenges for long-range sensing and surveillance in environments where signals must travel through a highly dynamic ionosphere, a region of the upper atmosphere that can distort radar performance. This project examines how active and passive radar systems operate under Arctic conditions and explores new approaches for tracking distant targets beyond the horizon when ionospheric interference limits conventional observations. Researchers are also investigating whether interferometric noise sources can provide continuous monitoring of changing ionospheric conditions while improving the detection and tracking of remote targets. Resulting knowledge could strengthen understanding of how atmospheric variability affects long-range sensing and support future radar capabilities in Arctic environments where reliable situational awareness is becoming increasingly important.